Laser Vision Correction
Laser refractive surgery can reduce dependence on glasses or contact lenses by reshaping the cornea to correct certain vision problems. LASIK, LASEK, and PRK are different approaches to laser vision correction, and each has its own advantages and considerations.
LASIK Laser-Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis
LASIK is one of the most well-known and commonly performed forms of laser vision correction. Using an excimer laser, the doctor reshapes the cornea so that light is focused more accurately onto the retina.
LASIK may be used to correct nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. Many patients experience significant improvement in their vision following the procedure and may reduce their dependence on glasses or contact lenses.
Reasons to Consider LASIK
May correct nearsightedness (myopia).
May correct farsightedness (hyperopia).
May correct astigmatism.
May reduce dependence on glasses or contact lenses.
The Procedure
Before surgery, numbing eye drops are administered. A very thin flap is created in the cornea and gently moved aside. An excimer laser, guided by detailed measurements of the patient's eye, then reshapes the underlying corneal tissue. The flap is returned to its original position, where it naturally begins to heal.
The Recovery
Patients can generally go home shortly after the procedure, but someone else will need to drive them. Rest and avoiding strenuous activity and rubbing the eyes are important during the initial recovery. Follow-up visits allow the doctor to monitor healing and vision. Many patients notice substantial vision improvement within the first few days.
LASEK Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis
LASEK is a type of laser vision correction that modifies the surface layer of the cornea before laser treatment. It can be an alternative for some patients who may not be candidates for LASIK, including certain patients with thinner corneas.
During LASEK, the very outer layer of the cornea, called the epithelium, is loosened and carefully moved aside. The underlying corneal tissue is then reshaped with an excimer laser before the epithelial layer is returned and protected with a bandage contact lens.
Reasons to Consider LASEK
May reduce dependence on glasses or contacts for myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism.
May be considered for some patients with thinner corneas who are not candidates for LASIK.
Preserves the epithelial layer rather than removing it completely.
May be an alternative to other laser vision correction procedures depending on the patient.
The Procedure
An alcohol solution is used briefly to loosen the epithelial cells. The epithelial layer is then carefully lifted to provide access to the underlying cornea. An excimer laser reshapes the mapped corneal tissue, after which the epithelial layer is replaced. A bandage contact lens is then placed to help protect the eye during healing.
The Recovery
The surface epithelial layer begins healing quickly, although patients generally wear a bandage contact lens for several days. Some irritation or discomfort may occur during the first few days. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor healing and vision. Patients should rest and avoid strenuous activities during the initial recovery period.
PRK Photorefractive Keratectomy
PRK was one of the first widely performed forms of laser eye surgery and remains an important alternative for patients who may not be candidates for LASIK.
Like LASIK and LASEK, PRK uses an excimer laser to reshape the cornea and correct certain refractive errors, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.
Reasons to Consider PRK
May correct nearsightedness (myopia).
May correct farsightedness (hyperopia).
May correct astigmatism.
May be considered when the cornea is too thin for LASIK.
May be considered for certain patients with larger pupils.
The Procedure
Numbing eye drops are administered before the procedure. The surface layer of the cornea is removed to allow access to the tissue underneath. An excimer laser then reshapes the cornea according to a detailed map of the patient's eye. A bandage contact lens is placed over the eye after treatment to protect the surface while it heals.
The Recovery
PRK generally involves a longer surface-healing period than LASIK. Patients may experience some discomfort during the first several days and may be prescribed medication to help manage recovery. Follow-up appointments are important for monitoring healing and vision. Patients should rest and avoid strenuous activity during the initial recovery period.
Which Procedure Is Right for You?
LASIK, LASEK, and PRK each use laser technology to reshape the cornea, but the way the surface of the cornea is treated differs between procedures. Your eye health, corneal thickness, prescription, lifestyle, and other factors will help determine which option may be appropriate.
LASIK
Creates a thin corneal flap before reshaping the underlying corneal tissue. Known for generally rapid visual recovery.
LASEK
Preserves and moves the epithelial layer before laser treatment. May be considered for some patients who are not candidates for LASIK.
PRK
Treats the corneal surface without creating a traditional LASIK flap. It can be an alternative for certain patients who are not candidates for LASIK.
Not everyone is a candidate for every type of laser vision correction. A comprehensive eye evaluation can help determine whether LASIK, LASEK, PRK, or another vision correction option is appropriate for your eyes and individual needs.
Considering LASIK or Laser Vision Correction?
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